Immunosuppressive mechanism of Hypoderma lineatum secreted serine esterase, a potential modulatory method used to inhibit transplant rejection

Abstract

Background: Although immunosuppressive therapies have made organ transplantation a common medical procedure worldwide, chronic toxicity has a major issue for long-term treatment. One method to improve therapies and methods is the application of immunomodulatory agents from parasites such as Hypoderma lineatum. Hypodermin A (HA) is a serine esterase secreted by the larvae of Hypoderma lineatum, several studies demonstrated its immunosuppressive mechanism in vitro, and recently we discovered that HA inhibits the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2 and activates IL-10 expression. Therefore, we hypothesized that it might be a potential agent used to block allograft rejections. However, most studies of the immunosuppressive mechanisms associated with HA were undertaken at the cellular level. In order to augment these studies, we evaluated the immunosuppressive effects of HA in vivo using an HA transgenic mouse model. Result: Our results revealed similar findings to those reported by in vitro studies, specifically that HA induced prostaglandin E2 expression, downregulated IFN-γ and IL-2 expression, and promoted IL-10 secretion via E-type prostanoid receptor 4. Additionally, we observed that HA overexpression inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TLR4 activation. These findings provide insight into a new potential agent capable of blocking graft rejection. Conclusion: Our founding suggested that HA-related treatment could be a promising option to improve the viability of grafts in human. Keywords: Cytokines, ELISA, Graft rejection, Host immune system, Hypodermin A, Immunomodulatory agents, Immunosuppression, Immunosuppressive, Interferon, Interleukin, Transplantation