Український селянин (Aug 2020)
АГРАРНИЙ АСПЕКТ СУСПІЛЬНО-ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПОДІЛЬСЬКОГО ГУБЕРНСЬКОГО СТАРОСТИ СЕРГІЯ КИСЕЛЬОВА (1918 Р.)
Abstract
Introduction At the beginning of May 1918, the establishment of the Ukrainian State authorities began in Podillya. Hetman P. Skoropadsky considered the owners, the middle and upper strata of the population to be his support. Therefore, he recruited power structures mainly from the pre-revolutionary bureaucracy, the Zemstvo and the wealthy. On May 13, 1918, P. Skoropadsky appointed Zemsky activist Serhiy Kiselyov provincial head of Podillya. Serhiy Kiselyov was a lawyer by education. In Podillya he headed the Proskuriv Zemstvo, after the revolution of 1917 he worked as a county commissioner, headed the food administration, that is, he had experience in management. The purpose of the study is to cover the activities of a public and political figure, Podolsk provincial elder of the period of Hetman S. Kiselyov on the normalization of the situation in the countryside and the implementation of agricultural policy of the Government of the Ukrainian State in Podillya. Results. S. Kiselyov had a task to ensure the stabilization of the political situation and eliminate social tensions, which were especially felt in Podillya. On May 19, 1918, taking office, S. Kiselyov stated the main problems of the new administration in the rural area covered by anarchy: the presence of a significant number of weapons in the rural population, which can resist the orders of the authorities; open anti-government agitation, etc. The repressive policies of the Hetmans and Austrians led to the fact that in August 1918 social tensions increased almost everywhere. Authorities recorded peasant riots, hostility to Austrian troops, landowners, and the bourgeoisie. Under such conditions, the peasants, who had many weapons left, rose in revolt. Eventually, the hetman’s power in Podillya was overthrown and S. Kiselyov stopped performing the powers of the provincial headman. Originality. For the first time, S. Kiselyov’s activity on the implementation of the agrarian policy of the Hetman’s government in Podillia was systematically covered. The attitude of the peasantry of the region to this policy is determined. Conclusion. S. Kiselyov, like most supporters of the hetman, was of the opinion that the way out of the difficult political and socio-economic situation is the introduction of conservative principles of social life close to them in spirit. The formation of the administrative apparatus in Podolia was based on models tested in pre-revolutionary times. His actions were aimed at stabilizing the situation in a region with a predominantly rural population. Although politically S. Kiselyov was not a supporter of repressive measures, he tried to implement a policy of social compromise, but the anarchist manifestations of the population and the pressure of the ruling classes, often forced him to follow the firm line of order embodied by the Hetman’s government and Austrian command. However, he failed to reach a compromise between the peasants and the landlords, to normalize the situation in the countryside and to stabilize agrarian relations.
