Exercised accelerated the production of muscle-derived kynurenic acid in skeletal muscle and alleviated the postmenopausal osteoporosis through the Gpr35/NFκB p65 pathway

Abstract

Background: Reduced serum estrogen levels in postmenopausal patients not only aggravate bone loss but also impact myokine secretion. Emerging evidence has revealed the importance of myokines in bone metabolism, and exercise can interfere with the secretion of myokines. However, few studies have explored the impact of exercise on myokine secretion in the postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) process. Methods: Ten-weeks-old C57B/L6 female mice were used for constructing the postmenopausal osteoporosis model. The expression levels of kynurenine aminotransferases (Kats) were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot. The concentration of serum kynurenic acid (Kyna) was detected by HPLC-MS. Micro-CT analysis was used for determine the changes of bone mineral density and the microstructure. The primary osteoblast and osteoclast were isolated from mice to determine the effect and mechanism of Kyna on the bone formation and resorption. Results: In our research, we found a lower serum level of muscle-derived kynurenic acid (Kyna) in PMOP model mice, accompanied by a decreased level of kynurenine aminotransferases (Kats) in the gastrocnemius muscle. Moreover, treadmill-running exercise upregulated the muscle levels of KATs and increased the serum concentration of Kyna, which was positively correlated with the alleviation of bone loss. Furthermore, we found that exogenous Kyna treatment alleviated bone mineral loss and microstructure destruction in PMOP mice by inhibiting osteoclast maturation and increasing osteoblast viability. Mechanistically, we observed that Kyna reduced the NFκB p65 phosphorylation level by activating the Gpr35 receptor, which inhibited NFATc1 expression in osteoclasts and upregulated Runx2 expression in osteoblasts. Conclusion: Our results revealed that the muscle levels of Kats and serum level of Kyna were negatively correlated with the severity of PMOP. Exercise intervention and exogenous Kyna treatment alleviated the impairment of bone microstructure through the Gpr35 receptor, paving the way for a novel therapeutic intervention in PMOP. The Translational potential of this article: This study provides evidences that Kyna could increase the osteoblastgenesis and inhibit the osteoclastgenesis, which could be a novel therapeutic approach for osteoporosis treatment.

Keywords

• Postmenopausal osteoporosis
• Muscle–bone axis
• Kynurenic acid
• Exercise