The Microbe (Sep 2024)
Unveiling the Global Surge of Mpox (Monkeypox): A comprehensive review of current evidence
- Phelipe Magalhães Duarte,
- Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola,
- Swagatika Priyadarsini,
- Rohit Singh,
- Mohamed N.F. Shaheen,
- Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo,
- Bashar Haruna Gulumbe,
- Mohamed Lounis,
- Mahmoud Samir,
- Karthikeyan Govindan,
- Odunola Sefiyat Adebiyi,
- Godfred Yawson Scott,
- Parsa Ahmadi,
- Vahid Mahmoodi,
- Hanie Chogan,
- Salim Gholami,
- Omid Shirazi,
- Shervin Khalilzadeh Moghadam,
- Niloofer Jafari,
- Fatemeh Shahabinejad,
- Kannan Subbaram,
- Mohamed Fawzy,
- Abdul Rehman,
- Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
Affiliations
- Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Corresponding authors.
- Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Corresponding authors.
- Swagatika Priyadarsini
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Research Centre on Camel, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
- Rohit Singh
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Mohamed N.F. Shaheen
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Bashar Haruna Gulumbe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
- Mohamed Lounis
- Laboratory for Exploration and Valorisation of Steppe Ecosystems, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, POBox 3117, Djelfa 17000, Algeria
- Mahmoud Samir
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
- Karthikeyan Govindan
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Odunola Sefiyat Adebiyi
- Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Godfred Yawson Scott
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Parsa Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Vahid Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Azarbaijan Sharghi, Iran
- Hanie Chogan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcilar, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey
- Salim Gholami
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Omid Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Shervin Khalilzadeh Moghadam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
- Niloofer Jafari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Medicine, Hormozgan Medical School, Hormozgan, Iran
- Fatemeh Shahabinejad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman Medical School, Kerman, Iran
- Kannan Subbaram
- School of Medicine, The Maldives National University, Maldives
- Mohamed Fawzy
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore-Pakistan
- Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 4
p. 100141
Abstract
Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, as evidenced by the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents debilitating symptoms, including painful skin rashes, mucosal lesions, enlarged lymph nodes, and fever. The situation intensifies with concerns about a novel transmission route, specifically through sexual contact, and the evolution of more transmissible strains. Complicating matters further is the documented spillback of mpox from humans to animals, raising the potential for new animal reservoirs. This study utilized a systematic approach to gather, analyse, and interpret data regarding global mpox outbreaks, phylogenomics, human APOBEC3 enzyme activity, antiviral resistance issues, and the application of the One Health intervention. Emphasizing a One Health approach covers various aspects, including zoonotic origins, pathogenesis, changing epidemiological landscapes, phylogenomic diversity, and clade dynamics. The review underscores the crucial role of global collaboration in understanding and combatting mpox and making it a valuable resource for shaping effective prevention and control measures on a global scale.
