Polymerized stimuli-responsive microgel hybrids of silver nanoparticles as efficient reusable catalyst for reduction reaction

Abstract

We have showcased the potential of polymerized hydrogels (PGMs) with uniform-sized stimuli-responsive microgel particles as promising alternatives to prevent aggregation in solution based nanoparticle systems. In the current work, we implemented the PGM concept by embedding anionic stimuli-responsive microgels (PNIPAM-co-AAc)-silver (Ag) hybrids within a hydrogel matrix. These PGM@AgNP hybrid materials are used as catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride. UV-VIS spectroscopy is used for studying catalytic activity. In the solution based system, the complete reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP took 30 minutes with pure Ag nanoparticles, 24 minutes with PNIPAM-Ag hybrid (Neutral) microgels and 15 minutes with PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag (Anionic) hybrid microgels. In contrast PGM containing PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag hybrids achieved full reduction in just 15 minutes, along with a 3-minute induction period. For pure Ag nanoparticles, the first-order rate constant is found to be 0.25 min−1, for PNIPAM-Ag hybrid (Neutral), it is 0.21 min−1 and for PNIPAM-co-AAc-Ag (Anionic), it is 0.5 min−1 where as for PGM containing anionic microgel hybrids it is found to be 0.8 min−1. Furthermore, the reusability of the PGM-Ag (anionic) materials for catalytic activity remains unaltered even after several washings. In summary, our study highlights the effectiveness of PGM@AgNP materials as efficient catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, indicating their versatile potential in various catalytic applications.

Keywords

• Stimuli-responsive microgels
• Microgel-metal hybrids
• PNIPAM microgels
• Polymerized hydrogel matrix(PGM
• Nanomaterial catalysts
• Light scattering