Validation of the Consumer Health Activation Index (CHAI) in general population samples of older Australians

Abstract

Objective: To validate the 10-item Consumer Health Activation Index (CHAI), developed in the United States, as an activation measure for interventions targeted at the Australian older general population. Methods: The study was a cross sectional design. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on survey data from a community sample of participants (n = 250), aged 55–75 years. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate dimensionality among a second sample of participants randomly sampled from the electoral roll (n = 571), aged 50–75 years. Associations between the CHAI and self-reported health behaviours were examined. Results: EFA revealed a 7-item, two-factor structure (‘Health self-management’ and ‘Patient-provider engagement’). CFA indicated optimum model fit was obtained with this structure. Subscale reliability and validity were confirmed, with significant correlation to age, functional health literacy and health screening. Conclusion: In contrast to the original structure, optimum model fit was obtained with a two-factor solution and retention of seven items. The subscales have utility as a measure of health activation for tailoring of information in this group. Innovation: A freely-available, unidimensional health activation measure has demonstrated an underlying two-scale structure that will enable tailored approaches toward the enhancement and maintenance of self- and externally-managed health behaviours in an Australian population.

Keywords

• Health activation
• Health literacy
• Validation study
• Consumer participation
• Health promotion
• Australia