Isolation, identification antimicrobial susceptibility and associated risk factors of Salmonella in semi-intensive poultry farms of Kafa zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Salmonellosis is one of the major causes of poultry disease. The study aimed to isolate, identify, determine susceptibility and associated risk factors of salmonella specious in semi-intensive poultry farms of Kafa zone, southwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on four purposively selected districts. Three farms were randomly selected per district and fecal samples were taken from a total of 302 chickens. Questionnaire was administered to farm owners and data was analyzed using STATA statistical software package. The overall prevalence of Salmonella enterica species in Kafa zone was 9.27% with Gimbo district 10.39%, Bita district 10.66%, Shishoende district 12% and Chena district 4%. Source of chickens, farm types and breed risk factors showed significant association (P < 0.05) with the disease prevalence. Having diarrhea and continuous farm systems significantly associated (P < 0.05). All isolates were 100% resistant to Oxtytetracycline and Ampicillin. Among 28 isolated Salmonella enterica species, 92.85% (n = 26) of them were showed multidrug resistance while 2 (7.14%) of them showed extensively drug resistance. Half of multidrug-resistant isolates were resistant to 5–6 antimicrobials, while 7.14% of isolates showed resistance to 7 antimicrobials. This study shows prevalence of Salmonella and its association with the breed, farm type, source of chicken and presence of diarrhea. A high antimicrobial resistance observed shows presence of concerns due to the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the poultry farms. Therefore, awareness should be created to the farmers on measures to avoid the risk factors of poultry disease and the occurrence of antimicrobials resistance in poultry farms.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial susceptibility
• Poultry
• Salmonella
• Semi-intensive farms
• Ethiopia