Double-Fermented Soybean Meal Totally Replaces Soybean Meal in Broiler Rations with Favorable Impact on Performance, Digestibility, Amino Acids Transporters and Meat Nutritional Value
Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem,
El Said Yehia Mohammed,
Rania Elsaid Mahmoud,
Mahmoud Fathy El Gamal,
Hend S. Nada,
Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb,
Mohamed Marzok,
Ahmed M. A. Meligy,
Mohamad Abdulmohsen,
Hesham Ismail,
Doaa Ibrahim,
Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
Affiliations
Sherief M. Abdel-Raheem
Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
El Said Yehia Mohammed
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Rania Elsaid Mahmoud
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Mahmoud Fathy El Gamal
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Hend S. Nada
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Waleed Rizk El-Ghareeb
Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Marzok
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed M. A. Meligy
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
Mohamad Abdulmohsen
Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
Hesham Ismail
Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
Doaa Ibrahim
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Asmaa T. Y. Kishawy
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Inclusion of microbial fermented soybean meal in broiler feed has induced advantageous outcomes for their performance and gastrointestinal health via exhibiting probiotic effects. In this study, soybean meal (SBM) was subjected to double-stage microbial fermentation utilizing functional metabolites of fungi and bacteria. In broiler diet, DFSBM replaced SBM by 0, 25, 50 and 100%. DFSBM was reported to have higher protein content and total essential, nonessential and free amino acids (increased by 3.67%, 12.81%, 10.10% and 5.88-fold, respectively, compared to SBM). Notably, phytase activity and lactic acid bacteria increased, while fiber, lipid and trypsin inhibitor contents were decreased by 14.05%, 38.24% and 72.80%, respectively, in a diet containing 100% DFSBM, compared to SBM. Improved growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility, including phosphorus and calcium, and pancreatic digestive enzyme activities were observed in groups fed higher DFSBM levels. In addition, higher inclusion levels of DFSBM increased blood immune response (IgG, IgM, nitric oxide and lysozyme levels) and liver antioxidant status. Jejunal amino acids- and peptide transporter-encoding genes (LAT1, CAT-1, CAT-2, PepT-1 and PepT-2) were upregulated with increasing levels of DFSBM in the ration. Breast muscle crude protein, calcium and phosphorus retention were increased, especially at higher inclusion levels of DFSBM. Coliform bacteria load was significantly reduced, while lactic acid bacteria count in broiler intestines was increased with higher dietary levels of DFSBM. In conclusion, replacement of SBM with DFSBM positively impacted broiler chicken feed utilization and boosted chickens’ amino acid transportation, in addition to improving the nutritional value of their breast meat.
