Internet Interventions (Dec 2024)
A web step-based digital solution's impact on physical, cognitive and psychosocial functioning of community-dwelling older adults: A mixed methods randomized and controlled trial
Abstract
Background: As the population ages, innovative responses are urgently needed to promote physical activity at scale. Thus, this study investigated whether a step-based activity mediated by a digital solution impacts the physical functioning of community-dwelling older adults. The secondary aims were to assess whether the same activity impacts cognitive and psychosocial functioning and explore participants' views towards the activity. Methods: A mixed method, randomized, and controlled study with one group performing a step-based activity using DanceMove (recommended dosage: twice a week for 20 to 30 min for eight weeks) and the other their usual activities. DanceMove was used at the individuals' homes without any direct supervision. Clinical tests and questionnaires administered in person were used to assess participants at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The primary outcome of interest was gait velocity. Secondary outcomes were balance, pain intensity, cognitive functioning, self-efficacy, social support, loneliness, and quality of life. Also, at the end of the intervention, a semi-structured individual interview was conducted with participants in the experimental group. Results: Seventy participants were randomized to the control (n = 37) and experimental (n = 33) groups. Of the 33 participants in the experimental group, four did not use the DanceMove at all and two used it for only 3 min. The remaining 26 participants used it for a total time over the eight weeks that varied between 15 and 991 min (mean ± SD = 306.55 ± 258.83 min). The step-based activity was not more effective than usual activities for any of the variables assessed (P > .05). Difficulties, positive and negative aspects regarding the digital solution, and reasons for not using it were identified in the interviews. Conclusions: Eight weeks of a step-based activity mediated by a digital solution did not impact the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning of community-dwelling healthy older adults. However, the activity was enjoyable and safe to be performed at home without direct supervision. Further studies are needed to explore aspects that could modulate the impact of this type of technology-mediated activity. Trial registration: The study was registered at clinialtrials.gov (NCT 05460039) before the enrolment of the first participant.
