Validation of a real-time PCR panel for detection and quantification of nine pathogens commonly associated with canine infectious respiratory disease

Abstract

Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a complicated respiratory syndrome in dogs [1–3]. A panel PCR was developed [4] to detect nine pathogens commonly associated with CIRD: Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis, Bordetella bronchiseptica; canine adenovirus type 2, canine herpesvirus 1, canine parainfluenza virus, canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus and canine respiratory coronavirus [5–16]. To evaluate diagnostic performance of the assay, 740 nasal swab and lung tissue samples were collected and tested with the new assay, and compared to an older version of the assay detecting the same pathogens except that it does not differentiate the two Mycoplasma species. Results indicated that the new assay had the same level of specificity, but with higher diagnostic sensitivity and had identified additional samples with potential co-infections. To confirm the new assay is detecting the correct pathogens, samples with discrepant results between the two assays were sequence-confirmed. Spiking a high concertation target to samples carrying lower concentrations of other targets was carried out and the results demonstrated that there was no apparent interference among targets in the same PCR reaction. Another spike-in experiment was used to determine detection sensitivity between nasal swab and lung tissue samples, and similar results were obtained. • A nine-pathogen CIRD PCR panel assay had identified 139 positives from 740 clinical samples with 60 co-infections; • High-concentration target does not have apparent effect on detecting low-concentration targets; • Detection sensitivity were similar between nasal swab and lung tissue samples.

Keywords

• Canine infectious respiratory disease
• CIRD
• PCR assay
• Diagnostic validation