Zhongguo youzhi (Apr 2023)
我国油菜生产布局时空演变及影响因素分析Analysis on the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of oilseed rape production layout in China
Abstract
为进一步优化我国油菜生产布局，基于生产集中度指数、生产规模指数、空间重心分析、产地集中度系数等数据模型对21世纪以来我国油菜生产布局时空演变及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：进入21世纪以来，我国油菜主产省基本无变化，但受各省不同产业定位的影响，四川、湖南、重庆、云南油菜生产集中度指数逐年上升，安徽、江苏、浙江逐年下降；油菜产业扶持政策的陆续实施推动南方地区油菜生产规模自2007年逐渐上升，北方对应下降，东、中、西三部及七大产区不同的区位特性导致国内油菜生产在空间布局上总体呈现“东减、中稳、西移”的特征；油菜籽产量及油菜播种面积空间重心则由中部逐渐向西南迁移；油菜产地集中度系数总体呈波动上升的趋势，即油菜生产趋向于主产地。受自然环境、产业模式、政策扶持、科技创新等综合影响，我国油菜产业的区位优势更加明显，空间布局日益优化。建议通过长江流域油菜优势产业带建设、油脂加工企业政策扶持、北方盐碱地开发、南方冬闲田扩种及油菜多功能开发利用等措施进一步提升我国油菜产业国际竞争力。 In order to further optimize China′s oilseed rape production layout, the temporal and spatial evolution and influencing factors of oilseed rape production layout in China since the 21st century were analysed based on data models such as production concentration index, production scale index, spatial centre of gravity analysis, and origin concentration coefficient. The results showed that since the beginning of the 21st century, the main oilseed rape producing provinces in China had basically remained unchanged, but affected by the different industrial orientations of the provinces, the production concentration indexes of oilseed rape in Sichuan, Hunan, Chongqing, and Yunnan increased year by year, and the three provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang decreased year by year. The successive implementation of the support policies for the oilseed rape industry promoted the gradual increase of the oilseed rape production scale in the southern region since 2007, and the corresponding decline in the northern region. The different location characteristics of the eastern, central and western three production areas and the seven major production areas led to the overall spatial distribution of oilseed rape production in China showing the characteristics of "decrease in the eastern, stabilize in the central, move to the western". The spatial centre of gravity of rapeseeds production and oilseed rape sown area gradually moved from the middle to the southwest. The origin concentration coefficient of oilseed rape in China generally showed a fluctuating upward trend, that was, oilseed rape production tended to be the main producing area. Under the comprehensive influence of natural environment, industrial model, policy support, scientific and technological innovation, China′s oilseed rape industry had more obvious regional advantages and increasingly optimized spatial layout. It was suggested that the international competitiveness of China′s oilseed rape industry should be further enhanced through the construction of the superior industrial belt of oilseed rape in the Yangtze River basin, policy support for oil and fat processing enterprises, the development of saline alkali land in the north, the expansion of winter fallow fields in the south, and the multi-functional development and utilization of oilseed rape.
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