Improving the Adhesion of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Titanium by Irradiating the Interface with He<sup>+</sup> Ions: Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
Petr M. Korusenko,
Egor V. Knyazev,
Olga V. Petrova,
Denis V. Sokolov,
Sergey N. Povoroznyuk,
Konstantin E. Ivlev,
Ksenia A. Bakina,
Vyacheslav A. Gaas,
Alexander S. Vinogradov
Affiliations
Petr M. Korusenko
Department of Solid State Electronics, V.A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Egor V. Knyazev
Department of Physics, Omsk State Technical University, 11 Mira Prosp., 644050 Omsk, Russia
Olga V. Petrova
Department of Solid State Electronics, V.A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Denis V. Sokolov
Laboratory of Physics of Nanomaterials for Chemical Current Sources, Omsk Scientific Center of SB RAS, 15 Karl Marx Prosp., 644024 Omsk, Russia
Sergey N. Povoroznyuk
Department of Physics, Omsk State Technical University, 11 Mira Prosp., 644050 Omsk, Russia
Konstantin E. Ivlev
Laboratory of Physics of Nanomaterials for Chemical Current Sources, Omsk Scientific Center of SB RAS, 15 Karl Marx Prosp., 644024 Omsk, Russia
Ksenia A. Bakina
Department of Solid State Electronics, V.A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Vyacheslav A. Gaas
Department of Solid State Electronics, V.A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Alexander S. Vinogradov
Department of Solid State Electronics, V.A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
A complex study of the adhesion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to a titanium surface, depending on the modes of irradiation with He+ ions of the “MWCNT/Ti” system, was conducted using atomic force microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A quantitative assessment of the adhesion force at the interface, performed using atomic force microscopy, demonstrated its significant increase as a result of treatment of the “MWCNT/Ti” system with a beam of helium ions. The nature of the chemical bonding between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and the surface of the titanium substrate, which causes this increase in the adhesion of nanotubes to titanium as a result of ion irradiation, was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was established that this bonding is the result of the formation of chemical C–O–Ti bonds between titanium and carbon atoms with the participation of oxygen atoms of oxygen-containing functional groups, which are localized on defects in the nanotube walls formed during ion irradiation. It is significant that there are no signs of direct bonding between titanium and carbon atoms.
