Real-Time Genomic Surveillance during the 2021 Re-Emergence of the Yellow Fever Virus in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
Miguel de S. Andrade,
Fabrício S. Campos,
Aline A. S. Campos,
Filipe V. S. Abreu,
Fernando L. Melo,
Anaiá da P. Sevá,
Jader da C. Cardoso,
Edmilson Dos Santos,
Lucas C. Born,
Cláudia M. D. da Silva,
Nicolas F. D. Müller,
Cirilo H. de Oliveira,
Alex J. J. da Silva,
Danilo Simonini-Teixeira,
Sofía Bernal-Valle,
Maria A. M. M. Mares-Guia,
George R. Albuquerque,
Alessandro P. M. Romano,
Ana C. Franco,
Bergmann M. Ribeiro,
Paulo M. Roehe,
Marco A. B. de Almeida
Affiliations
Miguel de S. Andrade
Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Fabrício S. Campos
Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Campus of Gurupi, Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi 77410-570, Tocantins, Brazil
Aline A. S. Campos
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Filipe V. S. Abreu
Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Fernando L. Melo
Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Anaiá da P. Sevá
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
Jader da C. Cardoso
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Edmilson Dos Santos
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Lucas C. Born
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Cláudia M. D. da Silva
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Nicolas F. D. Müller
Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Cirilo H. de Oliveira
Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Alex J. J. da Silva
Insect Behavior Laboratory, Federal Institute of Northern Minas Gerais, Salinas 39560-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Danilo Simonini-Teixeira
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
Sofía Bernal-Valle
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
Maria A. M. M. Mares-Guia
Flavivirus Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
George R. Albuquerque
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus 45662-900, Bahia, Brazil
Alessandro P. M. Romano
General Coordination of Arbovirus Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Brasília 70058-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Ana C. Franco
Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Bergmann M. Ribeiro
Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Distrito Federal, Brazil
Paulo M. Roehe
Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Marco A. B. de Almeida
State Center of Health Surveillance, Rio Grande do Sul State Health Department, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
The 2021 re-emergence of yellow fever in non-human primates in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southernmost Brazil, resulted in the death of many howler monkeys (genus Alouatta) and led the state to declare a Public Health Emergency of State Importance, despite no human cases reported. In this study, near-complete genomes of yellow fever virus (YFV) recovered from the outbreak were sequenced and examined aiming at a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and the spatio-temporal dynamics of the virus distribution. Our results suggest that the most likely sequence of events involved the reintroduction of YFV from the state of São Paulo to RS through the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, by the end of 2020. These findings reinforce the role of genomic surveillance in determining the pathways of distribution of the virus and in providing references for the implementation of preventive measures for populations in high risk areas.
