Frontiers in Immunology (Jan 2022)
Multiplex Antibody Analysis of IgM, IgA and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva and Serum From Infected Children and Their Close Contacts
- Carlota Dobaño,
- Carlota Dobaño,
- Selena Alonso,
- Marta Vidal,
- Alfons Jiménez,
- Alfons Jiménez,
- Rocío Rubio,
- Rebeca Santano,
- Diana Barrios,
- Gemma Pons Tomas,
- María Melé Casas,
- María Hernández García,
- Mònica Girona-Alarcón,
- Mònica Girona-Alarcón,
- Laura Puyol,
- Barbara Baro,
- Pere Millat-Martínez,
- Sara Ajanovic,
- Núria Balanza,
- Sara Arias,
- Natalia Rodrigo Melero,
- Carlo Carolis,
- Aleix García-Miquel,
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné,
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné,
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné,
- Joana Claverol,
- Joana Claverol,
- Marta Cubells,
- Marta Cubells,
- Claudia Fortuny,
- Claudia Fortuny,
- Victoria Fumadó,
- Victoria Fumadó,
- Anna Codina,
- Quique Bassat,
- Quique Bassat,
- Quique Bassat,
- Quique Bassat,
- Quique Bassat,
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro,
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro,
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro,
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro,
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla,
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla,
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Eduard Gratacós,
- Luis Izquierdo,
- Luis Izquierdo,
- Juan José García-García,
- Juan José García-García,
- Juan José García-García,
- Ruth Aguilar,
- Iolanda Jordan,
- Iolanda Jordan,
- Iolanda Jordan,
- Gemma Moncunill,
- Gemma Moncunill
Affiliations
- Carlota Dobaño
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Carlota Dobaño
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Selena Alonso
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Marta Vidal
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Alfons Jiménez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Alfons Jiménez
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Rocío Rubio
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Rebeca Santano
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Diana Barrios
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Gemma Pons Tomas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- María Melé Casas
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- María Hernández García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Mònica Girona-Alarcón
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laura Puyol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barbara Baro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pere Millat-Martínez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sara Ajanovic
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Sara Arias
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Natalia Rodrigo Melero
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Carlo Carolis
- Biomolecular Screening and Protein Technologies Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Aleix García-Miquel
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Elisenda Bonet-Carné
- 0Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
- Joana Claverol
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Joana Claverol
- 1Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Marta Cubells
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Marta Cubells
- 1Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Claudia Fortuny
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Claudia Fortuny
- 2Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Victoria Fumadó
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Victoria Fumadó
- 2Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Anna Codina
- 3Biobank Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Quique Bassat
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Quique Bassat
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Quique Bassat
- 4Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Quique Bassat
- 5Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- 6Department of Medicine, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
- 7Molecular Microbiology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Mariona Fernández de Sevilla
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Eduard Gratacós
- 8Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Madrid, Spain
- Luis Izquierdo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Luis Izquierdo
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- Juan José García-García
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Juan José García-García
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
- Juan José García-García
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Ruth Aguilar
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Iolanda Jordan
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Iolanda Jordan
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues, Spain
- Iolanda Jordan
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Gemma Moncunill
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Gemma Moncunill
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.751705
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13
Abstract
COVID-19 affects children to a lesser extent than adults but they can still get infected and transmit SARS-CoV-2 to their contacts. Field deployable non-invasive sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed to evaluate the infectivity dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric populations and guide public health interventions, particularly if this population is not fully vaccinated. We evaluated the utility of high-throughput Luminex assays to quantify saliva IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies against five SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens in a contacts and infectivity longitudinal study in 122 individuals (52 children and 70 adults). We compared saliva versus serum/plasma samples in infected children and adults diagnosed by weekly RT-PCR over 35 days (n=62), and those who consistently tested negative over the same follow up period (n=60), in the Summer of 2020 in Barcelona, Spain. Saliva antibody levels in SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive individuals were significantly higher than in negative individuals and correlated with those measured in sera/plasmas. Asymptomatic infected individuals had higher levels of anti-S IgG than symptomatic individuals, suggesting a protective anti-disease role for antibodies. Higher anti-S IgG and IgM levels in serum/plasma and saliva, respectively, in infected children compared to infected adults could also be related to stronger clinical immunity in them. Among infected children, males had higher levels of saliva IgG to N and RBD than females. Despite overall correlation, individual clustering analysis suggested that responses that may not be detected in blood could be patent in saliva, and vice versa.In conclusion, measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific saliva antibodies should be considered as a complementary non-invasive assay to serum/plasma to determine COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in pediatric populations before and after vaccination campaigns.
Keywords