Chromosomes of Asian Cyprinid Fishes: Genomic Differences in Conserved Karyotypes of ‘Poropuntiinae’ (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)
Sudarat Khensuwan,
Francisco de M. C. Sassi,
Renata L. R. Moraes,
Sitthisak Jantarat,
Kriengkrai Seetapan,
Krit Phintong,
Weera Thongnetr,
Sarawut Kaewsri,
Sarun Jumrusthanasan,
Weerayuth Supiwong,
Petr Rab,
Alongklod Tanomtong,
Thomas Liehr,
Marcelo B. Cioffi
Affiliations
Sudarat Khensuwan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Francisco de M. C. Sassi
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
Renata L. R. Moraes
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
Sitthisak Jantarat
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
Kriengkrai Seetapan
School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Tumbol Maeka, Muang, Phayao 56000, Thailand
Krit Phintong
Department of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Muang, Surin 32000, Thailand
Weera Thongnetr
Division of Biology, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, Bangkok 10120, Thailand
Sarawut Kaewsri
Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand
Sarun Jumrusthanasan
Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Buriram Rajabhat University, Muang, Buriram 31000, Thailand
Weerayuth Supiwong
Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Muang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand
Petr Rab
Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
Alongklod Tanomtong
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Thomas Liehr
Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
Marcelo B. Cioffi
Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz Km. 235, C.P. 676, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
The representatives of cyprinid lineage ‘Poropuntiinae’ with 16 recognized genera and around 100 species form a significant part of Southeast Asian ichthyofauna. Cytogenetics are valuable when studying fish evolution, especially the dynamics of repetitive DNAs, such as ribosomal DNAs (5S and 18S) and microsatellites, that can vary between species. Here, karyotypes of seven ‘poropuntiin’ species, namely Cosmochilus harmandi, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Hypsibarbus malcomi, H. wetmorei, Mystacoleucus chilopterus, M. ectypus, and Puntioplties proctozysron occurring in Thailand were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Variable numbers of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes indicated widespread chromosome rearrangements with a stable diploid chromosome number (2n) of 50. Examination with fluorescence in situ hybridization using major and minor ribosomal probes showed that Cosmochilus harmandi, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, and Puntioplites proctozystron all had one chromosomal pair with 5S rDNA sites. However, more than two sites were found in Hypsibarbus malcolmi, H. wetmorei, Mystacoleucus chilopterus, and M. ectypus. The number of chromosomes with 18S rDNA sites varied amongst their karyotypes from one to three; additionally, comparative genomic hybridization and microsatellite patterns varied among species. Our results reinforce the trend of chromosomal evolution in cyprinifom fishes, with major chromosomal rearrangements, while conserving their 2n.
