Noninvasive Polypoid Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor of the Uterus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction: Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT), also known as carcinosarcomas, are rare and highly aggressive neoplasms of the uterus, accounting for less than 5% of all uterine malignancies. These tumors are biphasic, comprising both carcinomatous (epithelial) and sarcomatous (mesenchymal) components, and are typically associated with poor prognoses due to their rapid progression and high metastatic potential. In this report, we present a unique case of noninvasive polypoid MMMT of the uterus, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management. We also provide a comprehensive literature review, which enriches our understanding of this case within the broader context of uterine carcinosarcomas. Results: This is the first documented case in English literature of a polypoid uterine carcinosarcoma without endometrial infiltration. It is significant because it adds to the limited literature on noninvasive polypoid MMMTs, typically aggressive and diagnosed at advanced stages. Uterine carcinosarcomas are generally aggressive, with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Conclusion: Uterine carcinosarcomas are indeed rare, aggressive, and rapidly progressing neoplasms with poor prognoses. It is crucial to include carcinosarcomas in the differential diagnosis of high-grade uterine neoplasms, especially for polypoid tumors. This inclusion is not just essential, but it is the key to ensuring accurate and timely diagnosis, underscoring the significant role of medical professionals in this process.

Keywords

• Noninvasive polypoid MMMT
• uterine carcinosarcoma
• endometrial neoplasms
• polypoid uterine tumors