Multivariate analyses of morphobiometric traits: A tool for Goliath chicken selection programs in Benin

Abstract

Goliath chicken (GC) is become one of the most economically viable poultry breeds in Benin. This study aimed to characterize the morphobiometric variability of this breed for their rational conservation and sustainable use. Data collection was conducted between October and December 2020 in the three Agricultural Development Pole (PDA) in Southern Benin. The study was carried out on 342 adult GC. Eight morphobiometric measurements and seven qualitative traits were recorded and analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. The red plumage was the most prominent with 13.7 %, followed by ermined tawny (9.6 %), white (8.8 %), ermined white (8.8 %), and cuckoo (8.2 %) plumage. The predominant feather structure in GC was simple (90 %). The prevailing feather distribution exhibited normal characteristics (95 %), along with a white skin color (58.6 %) and a white beak color (54.5 %). The most widespread eye colors were orange (28.6 %), red (24 %) and brown (21 %). Considering the morphobiometric traits, the body weight of GC as well as the shank diameter, the body length, and the drumstick length were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the GC of PDA 5 compared to PDA 6 and 7. As for the sex, whatever the biometric parameter considered, males had the highest values except for the chest circumference which was similar for males and females. The classification for each individual assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed the relationships between individuals from different PDA and three clusters were obtained. These results provide a basis for future work on the genetic improvement of GC.

Keywords

• Biometric characteristics
• Goliath chicken
• Local breed
• Phenotypic characteristics
• Poultry farming