Severe Vaginal Bleeding in a Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 2-3% of all adult cancers and carries the highest mortality of the genitourinary cancers. Metastatic disease is seen in approximately 16% of cases and when present represents an advanced status. Metastasis of RCC to the vagina has rarely been cited in literature and when present can mimic primary vaginal cancer in clinical presentation and symptoms. Biopsy is performed to delineate the etiology and, in the presence of clear cells and certain immunohistochemistry markers, RCC needs to be included in the differential diagnosis. Treatment protocols are limited due to the rarity of the condition, with retrospective and comparative studies alongside cervical cancer treatment protocols serving as the basis. Herein, we describe a unique case of profuse vaginal bleeding secondary to vaginal metastases of RCC and discuss the relevant aspects of diagnosis and treatment.