Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia (Nov 2023)

From the pond to the creek many years ago: life-history dynamics of feral poeciliids in Brazil

  • André Lincoln Barroso Magalhães,
  • Eneida Maria Eskinazi-Sant’Anna,
  • Mário Luís Orsi,
  • Dilermando Pereira Lima Junior,
  • Jean Ricardo Simões Vitule,
  • Fernando Mayer Pelicice

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x6023
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 35

Abstract

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Abstract Aim We investigated trophic and reproductive traits of feral guppy Poecilia reticulata and southern platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus in a headwater creek located in the Paraíba do Sul River basin, southeastern Brazil. Methods Fish were collected bimonthly from January to December 2017 using sieve in Lopes Creek. Stomach items were analyzed and developmental stages of females were classified as 1 (Non-gravid), 2 (Yolked ova), 3 (Eyed embryos), and 4 (Mature embryos). The mean values of fecundity and population structure for each developmental stage were determined for females using six length classes. Bimonthly mean values of gonadosomatic index of females were overlayed with average bimonthly rainfall, water level/temperature, and the sex ratio was calculated. The juvenile-to-adult proportion was calculated bimonthly, and the phenotype (ornamental-type × wild-type) was also analyzed. Results The guppy and southern platyfish fed, primarily, on detritus, and both species showed reproductive activity during all the sampling period. The mean fecundity of P. reticulata and X. maculatus was high and the smallest gravid female of guppy measured 0.8 cm SL, and southern platyfish 1.0 cm. The GSI of both species showed peaks coinciding with the highest rainfall, water level/temperature, and females were significantly more frequent than males. Juveniles were found during all the sampling period, and both species were represented by wild-type forms. Conclusions P. reticulata and X. maculatus presented opportunistic feeding, long reproductive period, high fecundity and early maturity. The year-round presence of reproductive females, juveniles and wild-type phenotypes suggests establishment of populations in the study area. We hypothesize that the introduction of both species has occurred several years ago, and the continued exposure to predation seems to have molded their life-history traits and phenotype.

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