Four-tier chemical bonding instrument: Its development and validation

Abstract

This study highlights the development and validation of a four-tier instrument in chemical bonding to produce a valid and reliable instrument in the discipline. The instrument was developed according to the procedure proposed by Habiddin & Page (2019), including (1) mapping concept (2) testing & interviewing, (3) identifying & collecting student’s unscientific ideas, (4) developing the four-tier instrument, (5) validating the four-tier instrument, and (6) refining the final four-tier. 14 questions were considered valid and reliable. The parameters to justify the quality of the instruments, including validity, reliability, distractor effectiveness, difficulty level, and discriminatory index were also discussed.

Keywords

• diagnostic test, conceptual understanding, misconception, instrument validation, validity and reliability