مطالعات مدیریت کسب و کار هوشمند (May 2024)
The impact of knowledge management and Industry 4.0 technologies in organizations: a meta-synthesis approach
Abstract
New technologies in the field of Industry 4.0 enable companies to enhance their business processes and customize products and services through the generation of new knowledge. The creation and sharing of this new knowledge depends on both the optimal use of Industry 4.0 technologies and interactions along the value chain. However, achieving business benefits is highly dependent on human resources and their digital skills and competencies. Therefore, companies approaching the Industry 4.0 paradigm should consider these new technologies as tools that facilitate the creation and sharing of new knowledge. They should pay attention to the digital skills and competencies required to manage this technological transformation and enhance internal competencies. The purpose of this research is to combine the results and findings obtained from qualitative studies, providing new insights from previous research. In this study, a meta-composite approach was used to investigate qualitative case studies, examining the relationship between knowledge management and Industry 4.0 capabilities in organizations. The results show that knowledge management capabilities in the field of Industry 4.0 are examined in two dimensions: business models and organizational innovation. This research also emphasizes that in order to address organizational challenges, knowledge management strategies and the maturity level of Industry 4.0 technologies within organizations must be understood.IntroductionIndustry 4.0, driven by digital technologies such as smart sensors, IoT, cloud computing, big data, and AI, holds significant importance in the realm of organizational knowledge management. It enables convenient access to vast repositories of data that can be meticulously scrutinized to drive improvements in processes. Moreover, Industry 4.0 seamlessly merges the physical and virtual domains, thereby enhancing both production processes and resulting products (Wilkesmann, 2018). This study endeavors to propose a model that seamlessly integrates knowledge management and Industry 4.0 to gain a competitive advantage. The researchers will utilize the Meta-synthesis method to identify capabilities and develop a new framework, thus contributing to a deeper understanding in this field.Literature ReviewThe theoretical foundations are categorized into two components: Industry 4.0 and knowledge management.2.1. Industry 4.0Industry 4.0 emerged in 2011 as the fourth industrial revolution, focusing on fully automated and intelligent production systems. It involves the integration of production systems through real-time information exchange and flexible production. The internet and related technologies play a crucial role in connecting physical objects, machines, and processes across organizations (Ghobakhloo, 2018). Industry 4.0 relies on data-driven decision-making and recognizes the value of real-time data utilization. It disrupts traditional competition and impacts various aspects of organizational strategy, business models, innovation, supply chains, production processes, and stakeholder relationships (Pozzi et al., 2023).2.2. Knowledge management strategies and approaches in Industry4.0Knowledge is essential for decision-making in implementing Industry 4.0 technologies. Industry 4.0 significantly influences knowledge management within organizations. These technologies facilitate knowledge management by enhancing existing knowledge and generating new knowledge. Knowledge sharing and storage are key components of knowledge management in the context of Industry 4.0 (Salvadorinho & Teixeira, 2021). The cost-effective and high-performance nature of Industry 4.0 technologies makes them suitable for storing and sharing knowledge. Industry 4.0 technologies enhance value creation through knowledge sharing within organizations and enable organizational innovation and competitive advantage maximization through knowledge management (Gupta et al., 2022).MethodologyThis research proposes Meta-synthesis as a suitable method for effectively combining the various factors involved in knowledge management capabilities and Industry 4.0 technologies within organizations. Meta-synthesis serves as a valuable instrument in formulating a comprehensive theory by systematically amalgamating these elements. The selection of the Hoon model (Hoon, 2013) for this research is based on its comprehensive and innovative nature in comparison to other Meta-synthesis models. It is characterized as an exploratory and inductive research design that integrates qualitative case studies to extend the findings of the original studies. Hoon's proposed Metasynthesis entails eight specific steps, which are briefly outlined below:Step 1 involves designing and framing the research question related to knowledge management capabilities in Industry 4.0. Step 2 includes searching for articles using specific keywords and selecting relevant research. Step 3 involves screening and selecting suitable texts based on inclusion criteria. Step 4 entails extracting and coding evidence from selected studies. Step 5 analyzes individual studies using a causal network technique. Step 6 synthesizes findings on an across-study level. Step 7 involves building theory from meta-synthesis.Results and DiscussionThe convergence of Industry 4.0 and knowledge management within organizational frameworks serves to amplify the influence of knowledge management on the performance of organizational innovation (Tortorella et al., 2022). This study furnishes valuable perspectives for formulating an adoption strategy and prioritizing tasks in the integration of Industry 4.0. It underscores the significance of knowledge dissemination in expediting the assimilation of Industry 4.0 and recommends a focus on cultivating affiliations with strategic counterparts. The development of internal capabilities and competencies stands as pivotal for meaningful engagement in knowledge dissemination for Industry 4.0. Effective knowledge exchange among organizations can offset the dearth of internal resources and knowledge during the adoption process. This study accentuates the cost-effectiveness of knowledge sharing as an alternative to external consultants. In sum, it furnishes invaluable insights for managers seeking to augment organizational innovation, fortify stakeholder associations, and attain a competitive edge in the landscape of Industry 4.0.ConclusionThe Meta-synthesis approach used in this study has limitations, including a smaller sample size of only 8 studies, which raises concerns about the generalizability of the findings. The reliance on a limited number of keywords for searching and identifying studies is another limitation. However, the study's analysis revealed similarities among the chosen articles, and the selection process followed the criteria set by Hoon (2013). The Meta-synthesis protocol allows for the development of causal networks, meta-causal network, and case comparison table, showing a wider context of knowledge management and Industry 4.0 capabilities in organizations. Future studies should encompass a wider scope, as organizations in the Industry 4.0 environment need to share and manage knowledge both internally and externally. The Meta causal network developed in this study can be used as a foundation for developing strategies that generate value and foster a competitive advantage in the realm of Industry 4.0.Keywords: Knowledge Management, Industry 4.0, Meta-Synthesis, Case Study.Figure 1. Meta-causal network of selected analyzed studies (research findings)
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