Cross enclosed square split ring resonator based on D.N.G. metamaterial absorber for X-band glucose sensing application
Muhammad Amir Khalil,
Wong Hin Yong,
Md Shabiul Islam,
Ahasanul Hoque,
Cham Chin leei,
Mohamed S. Soliman,
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Affiliations
Muhammad Amir Khalil
Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University (MMU), 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Wong Hin Yong
Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University (MMU), 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Md Shabiul Islam
Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University (MMU), 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Ahasanul Hoque
Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author
Cham Chin leei
Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University (MMU), 63100 Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohamed S. Soliman
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
Mohammad Tariqul Islam
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author
This article presents a novel real-time meta-material (MM) sensor based on a non-invasive method that operates in microwave frequency ranges at 8.524 GHz to measure blood glucose levels with quality factor 184 is designed and fabricated. A cross enclosed between two square shapes produces a strong interaction between glucose samples and electromagnetic waves. In this study, 5 were tested noninvasively using the proposed glucose resonant sensor with a range of glucose-level changes from 50 to 130 mg/dL. For this range of glucose-level changes, the frequency detection resolution is 5.06 MHz/(mg/dL), respectively. Despite simulations, fabrication procedures (F.P.) have been carried out for more precise result verification. For the purpose of qualitative analysis, the proposed MM sensor is considered a viable candidate for determining glucose levels.
