Frontiers in Immunology (Dec 2023)

PD-1 and PD-L1: architects of immune symphony and immunotherapy breakthroughs in cancer treatment

  • Adil Parvez,
  • Furqan Choudhary,
  • Priyal Mudgal,
  • Rahila Khan,
  • Kamal A. Qureshi,
  • Humaira Farooqi,
  • Ashok Aspatwar

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296341
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14

Abstract

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PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1) play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmunity. Cancer cells can manipulate this system, allowing them to escape immune detection and promote tumor growth. Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have transformed cancer treatment and have demonstrated significant effectiveness against various cancer types. This study delves into the structure and signaling dynamics of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, the diverse PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and their efficacy, and the resistance observed in some patients. Furthermore, this study explored the challenges associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment approach. Recent advancements in the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical procedures to enhance patient outcomes have also been highlighted. Overall, this study offers an in-depth overview of the significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy and its future implications in oncology.

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