Gut-vascular axis and postbiotics: The pharmacological potential of metabolites encourages broader definitions

• Lorenzo Flori,
• Giada Benedetti,
• Alma Martelli,
• Vincenzo Calderone

Affiliations

Lorenzo Flori

Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy

Giada Benedetti

Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy

Alma Martelli

Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy

Vincenzo Calderone

Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy.; Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56120, Italy