A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Link between Oxidative Stress and Increased Cardiovascular Risks in Prediabetic Patients

Abstract

Prediabetes is associated with dysglycemia; besides progression to diabetes mellitus, prediabetic patients are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The current study is intended to evaluate the role of oxidative stress in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in prediabetic patients. Therefore, the biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed and correlated with possible cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and dyslipidemia. With a total population of 70 individuals, this descriptive study of cross-sectional design was conducted, including 40 patients with pre-diabetes and 30 subjects as the control group. Age and BMI were matched between the two groups. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid profile, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were analyzed using blood serum samples. Whereas glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using whole blood. In comparison to controls, prediabetic patients showed a significant elevation in mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA), with a significant reduction in mean values of reduced glutathione (GSH) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Concentrations of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) recorded a remarkable positive and significant correlation with MDA and cardiovascular risk factors, and a negative and significant correlation with GSH and HDL. MDA recorded a substantial positive correlation with cardiovascular risk factors in prediabetic subjects, whereas GSH had a considerable negative correlation with cardiovascular risk factors. In conclusion, the findings of this study conclude that prediabetes is closely associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and confirm the link between oxidative stress and increased cardiovascular risks in these patients.

Keywords

• prediabetes
• oxidative stress
• malondialdehyde
• reduced glutathione
• cardiovascular diseases