Recombinase Polymerase Amplification-Based Biosensors for Rapid Zoonoses Screening

Abstract

Xinrui Feng,1,2,* Yan Liu,1,* Yang Zhao,3 Zhe Sun,1,4 Ning Xu,5 Chen Zhao,1 Wei Xia4 1College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, People’s Republic of China; 2Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 136200, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Emergency and Intensive Medicine, No. 965 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jilin, 132013, People’s Republic of China; 4College of Medical Technology, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chen Zhao; Wei Xia, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: Recent, outbreaks of new emergency zoonotic diseases have prompted an urgent need to develop fast, accurate, and portable screening assays for pathogen infections. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is sensitive and specific and can be conducted at a constant low temperature with a short response time, making it especially suitable for on-site screening and making it a powerful tool for preventing or controlling the spread of zoonoses. This review summarizes the design principles of RPA-based biosensors as well as various signal output or readout technologies involved in fluorescence detection, lateral flow assays, enzymatic catalytic reactions, spectroscopic techniques, electrochemical techniques, chemiluminescence, nanopore sequencing technologies, microfluidic digital RPA, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated systems. The current status and prospects of the application of RPA-based biosensors in zoonoses screening are highlighted. RPA-based biosensors demonstrate the advantages of rapid response, easy-to-read result output, and easy implementation for on-site detection, enabling development toward greater portability, automation, and miniaturization. Although there are still problems such as high cost with unstable signal output, RPA-based biosensors are increasingly becoming one of the most important means of on-site pathogen screening in complex samples involving environmental, water, food, animal, and human samples for controlling the spread of zoonotic diseases. Keywords: recombinase polymerase amplification, biosensor, zoonoses, rapid detection, nanomaterials

Keywords

• recombinase polymerase amplification
• biosensor
• zoonoses
• rapid detection
• nanomaterials