Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Jun 1998)
Níveis de hemoglobina glicosilada e anomalias cardíacas em fetos de mães com diabetes mellitus Glycosylated hemoglobin levels and cardiac abnormalities in fetuses of diabetic mothers
Abstract
Avaliou-se, prospectivamente, a existência de relação entre o controle glicêmico materno, na primeira metade da gestação, com a ocorrência de anomalias cardíacas fetais, em gestantes com diabetes mellitus. O nível da hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) foi determinado em 127 grávidas, por ocasião da primeira visita pré-natal. Nove eram portadoras de diabetes do tipo I, 77 do tipo II e 41 de Diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Todas foram submetidas a ecocardiografia fetal detalhada na 28ª (±4,1) semana da gestação. Em 31 dos 127 fetos (24,4%) foram detectadas anomalias cardíacas. Em 10 (7,87%), foram diagnosticadas anomalias cardíacas estruturais e, em 21 (16,53%), miocardiopatia hipertrófica como anomalia cardíaca isolada. A média das dosagens de HbA1c no grupo de gestantes sem anomalias cardíacas (5,6%) foi estatisticamente diferente da média das HbA1c do grupo com anomalias (10,1%) (pWe analyze prospectively the existence of a relationship between the mother's glycemic control, in the first half of pregnancy, and the occurrence of abnormal fetal cardiac abnormalities, in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. In 127 pregnant women, the level of glycosylated hemoglobin was determined on the first visit during prenatal care. Nine patients had type I diabetes, 77 type II and 41 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). All mothers were submitted to detailed fetal echocardiography, during the 28th ± 4.127 week of gestation. In 31 (24.4%) of the 127 fetuses cardiac anomalies were detected. In 10 (7.87%) an isolated cardiac anomaly was identified. Mean HbA1c in the group of pregnant women without cardiac anomalies (5.64%) was statistically different from the group with anomalies (10.14%) (p<0.0001). The receiver-operator characteristic, representing the balance between sensitivity (92.83%) and specificity (98.92%) in the diagnosis of structural cardiac abnormalities, showed a cut-off point at the 7.5% HbA1c level. In nine of ten fetuses with structural cardiac anomalies, the maternal level of HbA1c was higher than 7.5%. The difference between means of the groups with and without myocardial hypertrophy diagnosed as isolated anomaly (MCHP) was not statistically significant, when considering both type II diabetes and GDM subgroups. In conclusion, levels of HbA1c higher than 7.5% were associated with most cases of echocardiographycally diagnosed structural cardiac anomalies. On the other hand, this test was not useful to discriminate conceptus with MCHP.
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