تداعيات دينامية التجمعات العمرانية بالمحيط الجنوبي الغربي لميتروبول الدار البيضاء

Abstract

The present article tackles the impact of the extension of buildings on the environment and living conditions in the space located south of Casablanca and north of Azemmour. It is a spatial framework that has undergone several functional changes starting from the French colonial period to the present day. These are transformations imposed by the geographical location of this space, given that it is close to the city and the metropolis of Casablanca, and has lived under its various influences over time. In this context, it is widely agreed that metropolisation involves the dispute over space, and territorial goods, including land in the first place. It is also admitted that the city overflows its traditional administrative limits and infiltrates the rural world, which it ends up annexing, but also by rewriting these rural fringes –which is done in both directions, from the urban to the rural and from the rural to the urban. This movement carries away resources from the soil and/or subsoil, which disappear or become scarce under the pressure of extractive activities (water, materials for construction, such as sand, soil, etc.) and land clearing, always pushing further or in the margins of economic activities (agriculture, livestock, forestry, crafts, etc.).This is the case of the metropolis of Casablanca with its crowns, including the study area. The latter went from a part surrounded by the Chyadma and Chtouka tribes to a space in Oulja specializing in the planting of vegetables to export them, then its agricultural role declined during the 90s of the last century due to the water crisis, soil salinity, and national and international competition for agricultural products. However, this space will experience a deviation at the beginning of the change of its function towards tourist accommodation in Oulja and secondary accommodation in the hinterland of Oulja with the growth of non-agricultural activities. Thus the bursting of the building allowed the birth and the evolution of the pockets of habitat located in the legality and the illegality and giving an aspect of degradation of the daily life of the inhabitants. In most cases, the construction of infrastructure and equipment does not follow construction. The examination of these different dynamics can shed light on the mechanisms of the evolution of the fabrics of the agglomerations: Bir Jdid, Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouch, Lemharza, and Chtouka, as well as the future of their overall configuration and durability.

Keywords

• oulja
• multifunctionnality
• territorial restructuration
• urbanization
• metropolization
• durable development