Lichen Planus Cheilitis: A Brief Review

Abstract

Cheilitis encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory conditions affecting the lips, with etiologies ranging from benign habits to malignant transformations. Lichen planus (LP) cheilitis is a rare variant, often misdiagnosed due to its resemblance to other lip dermatoses, particularly in individuals with skin of color. This review summarised the current literature, including case series and reports, focusing on the clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, treatment options, course, and prognosis of LP cheilitis. LP cheilitis predominantly affects the lower lip and may present in isolation or alongside mucocutaneous LP. The erosive variant is the most common morphology, often accompanied by Wickham’s striae observed on dermoscopy. Histopathological findings mirror those of cutaneous LP, and immunofluorescence may reveal shaggy fibrinogen deposits. Management involves topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, with systemic agents reserved for recalcitrant cases. Photoprotection is essential due to the risk of malignant transformation. In conclusion, LP cheilitis is a distinct but underrecognized entity requiring tailored clinical and histopathological evaluation. Enhanced awareness and large-scale studies, especially inclusive of diverse skin types, are crucial for improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes.

Keywords

• cheilitis
• dermoscopy
• histopathology
• lichen planus
• lip
• vermilion