Neurología (English Edition) (Jul 2023)
Reperfusion therapy in acute ischaemic stroke due to cervical and cerebral artery dissection: Results from a Spanish multicentre study
Abstract
Introduction: Ischaemic stroke (IS) due to cervical and cerebral artery dissection (CAD) is a rare entity, and few data are available on the use of such reperfusion therapies as intravenous fibrinolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in these patients. We analysed the use of these treatments in patients with IS due to CAD and compared them against patients receiving reperfusion treatment for IS of other aetiologies. Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective, multicentre study of patients with IS due to CAD recorded in the National Stroke Registry of the Spanish Society of Neurology during the period 2011−2019. Comparative analyses were performed between: a) patients with CAD treated and not treated with reperfusion therapies and b) patients treated with reperfusion for IS due to CAD and patients treated with reperfusion for IS due to other causes. Epidemiological data, stroke variables, and outcomes at discharge and at 3 months were included in the analysis. Results: The study included 21,037 patients with IS: 223 (1%) had IS due to CAD, of whom 68 (30%) received reperfusion treatment. Reperfusion treatments were used less frequently in cases of vertebral artery dissection and more frequently in patients with carotid artery occlusion. Compared to patients with IS due to other causes, patients with CAD were younger, more frequently underwent mechanical thrombectomy, and less frequently received intravenous fibrinolysis. Rates of haemorrhagic complications, mortality, and independence at 3 months were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Reperfusion therapy is frequently used in patients with IS due to CAD. The outcomes of these patients demonstrate the efficacy and safety of reperfusion treatments, and are comparable to the outcomes of patients with IS due to other aetiologies. Resumen: Introducción: El ictus isquémico (II) por disección arterial cervico-cerebral (DAC) es una entidad infrecuente y existen pocos datos sobre el uso de terapias de reperfusión como la fibrinolisis intravenosa y la trombectomía mecánica. Se analizó el uso de dichas terapias en pacientes con II por DAC y se comparó con aquellos pacientes reperfundidos con II por otras causas. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo multicéntrico de pacientes con II por DAC basado en el Registro Nacional de Ictus de la Sociedad Española de Neurología durante el periodo 2011−2019. Se realizaron análisis comparativos entre: a) pacientes con DAC tratados y no con terapias de reperfusión y b) pacientes reperfundidos con II por DAC y pacientes reperfundidos con II por otras causas. Se incluyeron variables epidemiológicas, del ictus y resultados al alta y a los 3 meses. Resultados: Un total de 21.037 pacientes con II fueron incluidos. 223 (1%) fueron por DAC y 68 (30%) recibieron tratamiento de reperfusión. El uso de tratamientos de reperfusión fue menor en los casos de DAC de arteria vertebral y mayor en los casos de oclusión carotídea. Los pacientes con II por DAC reperfundidos respecto a aquellos con II reperfundidos por otras causas fueron más jóvenes, la TM se utilizó más y la FIV menos. Las complicaciones hemorrágicas, la mortalidad y la autonomía a los 3 meses fueron similares. Conclusiones: Las terapias de reperfusión se usan con frecuencia en los pacientes con II por DAC. Los resultados demuestran eficacia y seguridad y son equiparables a los pacientes tratados con terapias de reperfusión por II de otras causas.