Zhongguo youzhi (Oct 2022)
脱皮对油莎豆压缩特性的影响Effect of peeling on the compression characteristics of Cyperus esculentus
Abstract
为探究脱皮对油莎豆压缩特性影响的内在机制，为油莎豆压榨制油工艺条件的制订和收获、运输、加工机械的改进提供数据支持，考察了油莎豆皮和仁在主要成分和微观结构上的异同，以及脱皮和未脱皮油莎豆在不同水分含量、压缩速率、压缩方位和颗粒大小下的压缩特性参数（位移、压缩力、破坏能和硬度）。结果表明：油莎豆仁和皮在主要成分和微观结构上存在很大差异，油莎豆仁的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和淀粉含量分别为油莎豆皮的1.8、3.3倍和17.9倍；油莎豆仁的细胞呈蜂窝状，而油莎豆皮则呈片状；物性分析发现，与脱皮油莎豆相比，未脱皮油莎豆除具有破裂点还具有明显的屈服点；脱皮和未脱皮油莎豆压缩力范围分别为93.94~197.62 N 和103.45~245.14 N，硬度范围分别为23.45~43.70 N/mm 和24.27~53.02 N/mm；水分含量、压缩速率、压缩方位和颗粒大小等因素均对油莎豆的压缩特性参数具有显著影响，油莎豆压缩速率和颗粒大小与其压缩力和破坏能之间呈正向关系。脱皮后的油莎豆更容易发生压缩损伤，水分含量为15%的大颗粒未脱皮油莎豆不容易破裂，沿y轴方向低速率压缩更容易导致油莎豆受压损伤。 In order to explore the internal mechanism of the influence of peeling on the compression characteristics of Cyperus esculentus, and provide data support for the formulation of oil production process conditions and the improvement of harvesting, transportation and processing machinery, the compression characteristics (breaking force, distance, breaking energy and hardness) of the peeled and unpeeled Cyperus esculentus under different moisture content, loading rates, loading positions and particle sizes, as well as the similarities and differences of the skin and kernel of Cyperus esculentus in main components and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that there were great differences in main components and microstructure of the kernel and skin of Cyperus esculentus. The contents of crude protein, crude fat, and starch in kernel were 1.8, 3.3 times and 17.9 times as high as that in skin, respectively. The kernel cells were honeycomb-like, while the skin cells were lamellar. As revealed by texture analyzer, compared with peeled samples, unpeeled samples also showed conspicuous yield point in addition to the ruptured point. The ranges of breaking force and hardness of peeled and unpeeled Cyperus esculentus were 93.94-197.62 N, 103.45-245.14 N and 23.45-43.70 N/mm , 24.27-53.02 N/mm, respectively. Additionally, the compression characteristic parameters of Cyperus esculentus were significantly affected by moisture content, loading rates, loading positions and particle sizes. Moreover, there was a positive relationship between loading rates, particle sizes of Cyperus esculentus and its breaking force and breaking energy. Peeled samples are more prone to compressing damage, the unpeeled bigger Cyperus esculentus with 15% moisture content is not easy to crack, and the compression in the y-axis direction at low rate is more likely to cause the compression damage.
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