The Russian-Mongolian relations and Chinese factor: modern transformations

Abstract

The article highlights modern Russian-Mongolian and Mongolian-Chinese relations in the period 2013- 2022, including political, diplomatic, trade, economic, transport, energy and humanitarian spheres, as well as the impact of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative on the interaction in the triangle “Russia – Mongolia – China”. The processes of transformation of the Russian-Mongolian relations are investigated, both before the launch of the Initiative in 2013 and after it. The author analyzes Mongolian public opinion on the Russian special military operation (SMO) in Ukraine and highlights the main reactions of its population, as well as the possibilities of transformation of Ulaanbaatar’s official position on the Ukrainian events, objective obstacles for Mongolia to dismantle friendly relations with the Russian Federation and connect to anti-Russian sanctions.

Keywords

• russia
• mongolia
• china
• belt and road initiative
• security
• trade
• third neighbor
• transport corridors
• transit
• energy