Recent Developments in Heteroatom/Metal-Doped Carbon Dot-Based Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer
Rajkumar Sekar,
Nagaraj Basavegowda,
Saktishree Jena,
Santhoshkumar Jayakodi,
Pandian Elumalai,
Amballa Chaitanyakumar,
Prathap Somu,
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Affiliations
Rajkumar Sekar
Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
Nagaraj Basavegowda
School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
Saktishree Jena
Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chengalpattu 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India
Santhoshkumar Jayakodi
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
Pandian Elumalai
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
Amballa Chaitanyakumar
Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Guru Nanak University, Hyderabad 500 085, Telangana, India
Prathap Somu
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
Kwang-Hyun Baek
School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) are advanced nanomaterials with a size of 2–10 nm and are considered zero-dimensional carbonaceous materials. CNDs have received great attention in the area of cancer theranostics. The majority of review articles have shown the improvement of CNDs for use in cancer therapy and bioimaging applications. However, there is a minimal number of consolidated studies on the currently developed doped CNDs that are used in various ways in cancer therapies. Hence, in this review, we discuss the current developments in different types of heteroatom elements/metal ion-doped CNDs along with their preparations, physicochemical and biological properties, multimodal-imaging, and emerging applications in image-guided photodynamic therapies for cancer.
