The Stigma of Burnout Impeding Formal Help: A Qualitative Study Exploring Residents’ Experiences During Training

Abstract

Lemmese Alwatban,1,2 Mai S Alageel,3 Lina A Alshehri,4 Norah Saud Alfehaid,5 Reem Abdullah Albahlal,6 Norah Hejji Almazrou,7 Raghad Almubarak7 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2University Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Family Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Neurosurgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Radiology, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Lemmese Alwatban, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: Burnout is an occupational stress syndrome that gives rise to emotional exhaustion (EE) depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Increasing rates of burnout among health care professionals has been reported globally. Saudi Arabia appears to be among the highest in prevalence with reports of higher than 70%. Medical residents in training are the highest group at risk. The literature has repeatedly linked burnout among residents with poor academic performance on training exams, impaired quality of life, career choice regret and intentions to abandon medicine. In this study, we explore the factors that contribute to resident burnout, their experiences with burnout and how they choose to mitigate it.Methods: A qualitative design was used to conduct this study in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 14 residents from surgical and non-surgical programs were interviewed through in-depth interviews. Interpretive thematic analysis was used in coding and generated coding templates. Categories were repetitively reviewed and revised, expanding to include new data as it emerged and collapsing to remove redundant codes. Categories were organized into the final themes and sub-themes.Results: All participants demonstrated a shared thread of shame in reaching the level of burnout. Three main interlinked themes were identified: Burnout stigma cycle, amalgamated causes of burnout and self-coping with burnout. One of the concerning findings in our study is the participants’ pursuit of self-coping strategies and the avoidance of formal help, creating a cycle of suffering in silence.Conclusion: The literature has repeatedly reported high levels of burnout among residents in training. This study has added another dimension to those findings through the exploration of residents actual accounts and appears to link burnout with suboptimal training and working conditions. We have highlighted the pivotal role stigma and shame play in completely preventing residents from seeking professional help.Keywords: resident training, burnout, stigma, self-coping

Keywords

• resident training
• burnout
• stigma
• self-coping