Recovery of Critical Elements (Dysprosium and Ytterbium) from Alkaline Process of Indonesian Zircon Tailings: Selective Leaching and Kinetics Study

Abstract

Rare earth metals are important today, especially for heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Dy and Yb, included in the HREE group, are widely used for permanent magnets and sensors. On the other hand, accumulated solid waste of zircon tailings is an environmental issue in mineral processing. Valuable minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs) also remain in the tailings. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of the experimental parameters and obtain an appropriate kinetic model. The leaching process was carried out in a flat bottom three-neck flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux condenser. Observation of the effect of process conditions on recovery and kinetics analysis obtained satisfactory results. In this study, Dy and Yb leaching from solid REE-hydroxide using HCl solution afforded a total of 61.71% and 74.55% recovery of Dy and Yb, respectively, at operating conditions of 1 M HCl, 60°C, 10 g/100 mL (solid-to-liquid ratio), at 60 min (leaching duration), and 150 rpm (stirring speed). It was found that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reactions with apparent activation energies of 31.68 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol for Dy and Yb leaching, respectively.

Keywords

• dysprosium
• kinetics analysis
• leaching
• ytterbium
• zircon tailings