Dissecting the natural phytochemical diversity of carrot roots with its colour using high performance liquid chromatography and UV–Visible spectrophotometry
Acharya Balkrishna,
Monali Joshi,
Sarika Gupta,
M. Priya Rani,
Jyotish Srivastava,
Pardeep Nain,
Anurag Varshney
Affiliations
Acharya Balkrishna
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee, Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; Patanjali Yog Peeth (UK) Trust, 40 Lambhill Street, Kinning Park, Glasgow, G411AU, UK
Monali Joshi
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
Sarika Gupta
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
M. Priya Rani
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
Jyotish Srivastava
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
Pardeep Nain
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India
Anurag Varshney
Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed By Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; Department of Allied and Applied Sciences, University of Patanjali, Patanjali Yog Peeth, Roorkee, Haridwar Road, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India; Special Centre for Systems Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India; Corresponding author. Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Foundation, Governed by Patanjali Research Foundation Trust, NH-58, Haridwar, 249 405, Uttarakhand, India.
The research provides insights into the phytoconstituents of black, orange and red carrots (Daucus carota subsp. Sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. & G. Martens), a highly nutritious food crop widely appreciated across age groups. Recognising carrots as a repository of health-promoting compounds, our study employs UV–Visible spectrophotometric and HPLC methods to discern significant variations in bioactive components among carrot varieties. Black carrots emerge as potent contenders, displaying the highest levels of total phenolics (2660 ± 2.29 mg GAE/100 g F W.), total flavonoids (831 ± 1.74 mg QE/100 g F W.), proanthocyanins (10910 ± 1.11 mg CE/100 g F W.), and tannins (713 ± 0.84 mg/100 g F W.). Red carrots, conversely, showcase higher anthocyanin content (6870 ± 1.85 mg CyGE/100 g F W.) by UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Additionally, orange carrots exhibit heightened β-carotene levels, confirmed at 0.03 μg/mg through HPLC. HPLC analysis unveils substantial chlorogenic acid variability (1.29 μg/mg) in black carrots, accompanied by the discovery of unique compounds such as cryptochlorogenic acid (0.05 μg/mg), caffeic acid (0.01 μg/mg), ferulic acid (0.11 μg/mg), methyl caffeate (0.01 μg/mg), and quercetin (0.02 μg/mg), marking the first detection of methyl caffeate in black carrots. The analytical methodology was meticulously validated encompassing optimal parameters such as linearity, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, and robustness, within the range. In conclusion, our study underscores the health benefits of black carrots due to their rich polyphenolic content and endorses orange carrots for elevated β-carotene levels. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse phytoconstituents in carrots, aid in informed dietary choices for improved health.
