Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Populations with Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract

Intellectual disability (ID) encompasses limitations in intellectual and adaptive functions that facilitate an individual’s social, familial and occupational development. In Latin America, it is estimated that the prevalence is four times higher than the rest of the world, with figures ranging from 4% to 16%. This article presents a literature review on the prevalence, behavior, diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression disorders in individuals with ID, considering the psychosocial consequences and overall health implications they entail. In this population, it is crucial to understand the diversity in the manifestations of mental disorders, as their presentation may vary compared to the general population. For this reason, we use scales and clinical interviews that, along with clinical judgement, will guide medical management. Treatments aimed at patients with ID and comorbid anxious or depressive disorders do not differ from those recommended for the general population, as the use of medications is directed at treating existing comorbidity without impacting the intellectual quotient or daily functionality. However, there is a lack of specific studies in this population group.

Keywords

• anxiety
• depression
• intellectual disability
• psychotherapy
• treatment