Modern Dynamics of Employment in Agriculture in the Counties and Regions of the World

Abstract

The article analyzes the main characteristics of agricultural employment in the whole world, certain regions and countries of the world. Changes in employment in agriculture and the influence of various factors on them for the period from 1991 to 2019 are considered. The decline in employment in agriculture in the world in both absolute and relative terms with the growth of agricultural production indicates an increase in labor productivity and a gradual diversification of the rural economy. The dynamics of agricultural employment is extremely heterogeneous across regions and countries, which is caused not only by changes in the agricultural sphere itself, but also by the socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the countries and regions. The greatest rates of decline since 1991 have occurred in many developing countries in East and South-East Asia, as well as in Eastern Europe, which are undergoing a transformation of socio-economic and political development. The slow pace is observed in developed countries that are at a post-industrial stage of development with low agricultural employment, as well as in developing countries in South Asia and Africa, where economic and employment transformation has not yet begun.

Keywords

• agricultural employment
• agriculture
• transformation
• dynamics
• labor productivity
• clustering
• countries patterns