A γ-Ray-emitting Blazar at Redshift 3.64: Fermi-LAT and OVRO Observations of PKS 0201+113

Abstract

High-redshift ( z > 3) γ -ray blazars are rare, but they are crucial for our understanding of jet evolution, γ -ray production and propagation, and the growth of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. A new analysis of Fermi-LAT data reveals a significant (5 σ ), spectrally soft (Γ ≃ 3.0) γ -ray source in a specific 4 month epoch, cospatial with PKS 0201+113 ( z = 3.64). Monitoring of PKS 0201+113 at 15 GHz by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory 40 m telescope from 2008 to 2023 shows a prominent flare that dominates the radio light curve. The maximum of the radio flare coincides with the γ -ray flare, strongly suggesting an association ( p -value = 0.023) between the γ -ray and the radio sources. PKS 0201+113 is only the third γ -ray blazar to be identified with z > 3.5, and it is the first such object to be identified by the detection of quasi-simultaneous γ -ray and radio flares. The jet properties of this peculiar blazar have been investigated. A detailed study of a two-zone leptonic model is presented that fits the broadband spectral energy distribution. An alternative scenario is also briefly discussed.

Keywords

• Galaxy jets
• Gamma-ray sources
• High-redshift galaxies