Blockchain PoS and PoW Consensus Algorithms for Airspace Management Application to the UAS-S4 Ehécatl
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi,
Ruxandra Mihaela Botez,
Georges Ghazi
Affiliations
Seyed Mohammad Hashemi
Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity LARCASE, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université de Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
Ruxandra Mihaela Botez
Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity LARCASE, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université de Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
Georges Ghazi
Laboratory of Applied Research in Active Controls, Avionics and AeroServoElasticity LARCASE, École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université de Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
This paper introduces an innovative consensus algorithm for managing Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic (UTM) through blockchain technology, a highly secure consensus protocol, to allocate airspace. A smart contract was developed on the Ethereum blockchain for allocating airspace. This technique enables the division of the swarm flight zone into smaller sectors to decrease the computational complexity of the algorithm. A decentralized voting system was established within these segmented flight zones, utilizing two primary methodologies: Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS). By employing 1000 UAS-S4s across various locations and heading angles, a swarm flight zone was generated. The efficiency of the devised decentralized consensus system was assessed based on error rate and validation time. Despite PoS displaying greater efficiency in cumulative probability for block execution, the comparative analysis indicated PoW outperformed PoS concerning the potential for conflicts among UASs.
