Isolation and Characterisation of Bacteriophages with Activity against Invasive Non-Typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> Causing Bloodstream Infection in Malawi
Ella V. Rodwell,
Nicolas Wenner,
Caisey V. Pulford,
Yueyi Cai,
Arthur Bowers-Barnard,
Alison Beckett,
Jonathan Rigby,
David M. Picton,
Tim R. Blower,
Nicholas A. Feasey,
Jay C. D. Hinton,
Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda
Affiliations
Ella V. Rodwell
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Nicolas Wenner
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Caisey V. Pulford
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Yueyi Cai
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Arthur Bowers-Barnard
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Alison Beckett
Biomedical Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Jonathan Rigby
Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
David M. Picton
Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Tim R. Blower
Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Nicholas A. Feasey
Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
Jay C. D. Hinton
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
Blanca M. Perez-Sepulveda
Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
In recent years, novel lineages of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis have been identified in patients with bloodstream infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we isolated and characterised 32 phages capable of infecting S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis, from water sources in Malawi and the UK. The phages were classified in three major phylogenetic clusters that were geographically distributed. In terms of host range, Cluster 1 phages were able to infect all bacterial hosts tested, whereas Clusters 2 and 3 had a more restricted profile. Cluster 3 contained two sub-clusters, and 3.b contained the most novel isolates. This study represents the first exploration of the potential for phages to target the lineages of Salmonella that are responsible for bloodstream infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.
