Universal and tunable liquid–liquid separation by nanoparticle-embedded gating membranes based on a self-defined interfacial parameter

Abstract

Superwetting membranes with tunable organic liquid (OL) repellency are highly desirable but remain a challenge. Here, the authors develop a nanoparticle-embedded reconfigurable membrane with switchable wetting modes for various OLs based on a self-defined interfacial physical parameter.