Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica (Jan 2009)
CORRELACIÓN ENTRE LA ENFERMEDAD RESPIRATORIA AGUDA (ERA) EN MUJERES EMBARAZADAS Y LA CALIDAD DEL AIRE CORRELATION BETWEEN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE (ARE) IN PREGNANT WOMEN AND THE AIR QUALITY
Abstract
La contaminación ambiental es uno de los factores que contribuye a exacerbar las enfermedades respiratorias (ERA) y que puede afectar el embarazo. Se tomaron los registros de consulta externa y de urgencias del Hospital de Suba y se tabularon las cinco primeras causas de ERA, correlacionándolas con los promedios mensuales del material particulado PM10, concentración de Gases NO, N0(2), NOx, SO2, flujo radiante (W), dirección del viento (DV) y temperatura medio ambiente (TPM). En la evaluación estadística, se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y el índice de correlación de Pearson. Se tabularon 6.310 casos que ingresaron al Hospital, de los cuales, 1.307 correspondieron a mujeres embarazadas (27,9%). Las cinco primeras causas de ERA presentaron una frecuencia de asma no específica (26,1%), amigdalitis (24,4%) gripa (21,8%), faringitis (16%) y asma (11,5%). Las diferencias promedio de las variables mostraron diferencias entre el primer y el segundo semestre, así: W (X=177 vs 155), DV (225,7 vs 199,5), T°C (16,8 vs 15,6) y PM10 (94,23 vs 84,86), y para los gases: NO (10,5 vs 15,2), NO2 (15,9 vs 16,4), NOx (28,5 vs 31,8) y SO2 (2,0 vs 3,2). En su correlación mostró una fuerte asociación entre PM10, SO2 y asma no específica (p Environmental pollution is one of the factors that contribute to exacerbate respiratory diseases (ERA) and can affect pregnancy. The records of outpatient and emergency entrances of the Hospital of Suba, were studied and tabulated, correlating the five leading causes of ERA with the monthly averages of particulated materials PM10s, fume concentration NO, N0(2), NOx, SO2, radiant flux (W), wind direction (DV), environmental temperature (TPM). In the evaluation, statistical measures of central tendency and the Pearson index were used. 6310 cases entering the Hospital were tabulated, corresponding 1,307 (27.9%) to pregnant women. The five leading causes of ERA presented a frequency of non specified asthma (26.1%), tonsillitis (24.4%) flu (21.8%), pharyngitis (16%) and asthma (11.5%). Variation average of the variables showed differences between the first and the second term: W (X = X 1.77vs = 1.55), DV (225.7 vs. 199.5), T°C (16.8 vs. 15.6) and PM10 (94.23 vs. 84.86); for the fumes NO (10.5 vs. 15.2), NO2 (15.9vs16.4), NOx (28.5 vs. 31.8) and SO2 (2.0 vs 3.2). The correlation showed a strong association between PM10, SO2 and non specific asthma (p < 0.007 and 0.0048) and DV and flu state (0.048) It was concluded that the environmental pollution is present in a cyclical manner during the year affecting the ERA in pregnant women, existing a significant correlation between PM10, SO2 and non specific asthma and, DV and statements flu.
