Prediction of non-reassuring fetal status and umbilical artery acidosis by the maternal characteristic and ultrasound prior to induction of labor

Abstract

Abstract Objective To investigate the predictive value of pre-induction digital examination, sonographic measurements and parity for the prediction of non-reassuring fetal status and cord arterial pH < 7.2 prior to the induction of labor (IOL). Method This was a prospective observational study, including 384 term pregnancies undergoing IOL. Before the IOL, the Bishop score (BS) by digital examination, sonographic Doppler parameters and the estimated fetal weight (EFW) was assessed. The fetal cord arterial was sampled to measure the pH at delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of non-reassuring fetal status and low cord arterial pH. Results Forty four cases (11.5%) had non-reassuring fetal status, and 76 cases (19.8%) had fetal cord arterial pH < 7.2. In the non-reassuring fetal status group, the incidence of cord arterial pH < 7.2 was significantly higher than that in the normal fetal heart rate group (χ2 = 6.401, p = 0.011). Multivariate analysis indicated that significant independent predictors of non-reassuring fetal status were nulliparity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.746, p = 0.003), EFW < 10th percentile (AOR: 3.764, p = 0.003) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 10th centile (AOR:4.755, p < 0.001). In the prediction of non-reassuring fetal status, the performance of the combination of nulliparity and EFW < 10th percentile was improved by the addition of CPR < 10th percentile (AUC: 0.681, (95%CI: 0.636 to 0.742) vs 0.756, (95%CI:0.713 to 0.795)), but the difference was not significant (DeLong test: z = 1.039, p = 0.053).. None of the above variables were predictors of cord arterial pH < 7.2. Conclusion The risk of fetal acidosis has increased in cases of non-reassuring fetal status. Nulliparity, small for gestational age and CPR < 10th centile are independent predictors for non-reassuring fetal status in term fetuses, though the addition of CPR < 10th centile could not significantly improve the screening accuracy.

Keywords

• Middle cerebral artery
• Cerebroplacental ratio
• Small for gestational age
• Non-reassuring fetal status
• Fetal acidosis
• Ultrasound