Identification of the Building Elements of Text in the Story "The Ancient Story or Historical Novel"

Abstract

The present study aims to study the elements of the worlds of text in the story The ancient story or historical novel by Hedayat. This study was conducted using Text World Theory (1999) to identify the elements of the worlds of text based on three semantic layers of the discourse world, text world, and sub worlds. The results revealed that the writer has used the element of "time" to create suspension and narrates the story at different times so as to keep the audience in suspension, despite the fact that characters, places, and objects are completely clear and no suspension is observed; also demonstrated that role-advancing propositions used in the text world of this story are mainly descriptive since the writer must describe in order to induce the image and the addressee must illustrate for the purpose of communication. Also, in terms of the sub worlds, the locative hint is not so bold; instead, the writer focuses on the time. Findings showed that we can analyze hidden aspects and layers using the model of the worlds of a text.

Keywords

• cognitive approach
• discourse world
• world-building elements
• plot-advancing propositions
• sub-worlds