Preliminary study of the ability of indigenous fungi from river as an alternative to degrade pesticides and their effect on insect larvae

Abstract

Agriculture relies on pesticides for crop protection, but their negative impacts on the environment, human health, and ecosystems are concerning. Pesticide residues in river water, especially in agricultural areas, threaten organism survival. This study aims to explore fungi's role in mitigating these negative effects and their potential to degrade pesticide residues. Fungi were isolated from river water in Banyumas regency's Mengaji and Prukut rivers, where pesticides are used in surrounding rice fields. The fungi's potential was tested by inoculating them on PDAchlorpyrifos medium, measuring mycelium diameter, and conducting a clear zone test to assess pesticide degradation capability. Indigenous fungal isolates from Mengaji and Prukut showed diameters ranging from 1.0-7.1 cm. Eleven isolates demonstrated pesticide degradation abilities, producing clear zones, including I12, 121, I24, and I25. Isolate I24, identified as Trichoderma sp., was the most effective. Environmental parameters (current speed, temperature, pH, O2) were measured at nine collection sites, influencing fungal diversity. Additionally, Trichoderma sp. is effective at rapidly degrading pesticides and are safe for non-target insects. This preliminary study highlights fungi's potential as future agricultural technology for managing pesticide residues.