Biomarkers for ideal protein: rabbit diet metabolomics varying key amino acids

Abstract

Abstract With the main aim of identifying biomarkers that contribute to defining the concept of ideal protein in growing rabbits under the most diverse conditions possible this work describes two different experiments. Experiment 1: 24 growing rabbits are included at 56 days of age. The rabbits are fed ad libitum one of the two experimental diets only differing in lysine levels. Experiment 2: 53 growing rabbits are included at 46 days of age, under a fasting and eating one of the five experimental diets, with identical chemical composition except for the three typically limiting amino acids (being fed commercial diets ad libitum in both experiments). Blood samples are taken for targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis. Here we show that the metabolic phenotype undergoes alterations when animals experience a rapid dietary shift in the amino acid levels. While some of the differential metabolites can be attributed directly to changes in specific amino acids, creatinine, urea, hydroxypropionic acid and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid are suggested as a biomarker of amino acid imbalances in growing rabbits’ diets, since its changes are not attributable to a single amino acid. The fluctuations in their levels suggest intricate amino acid interactions. Consequently, we propose these metabolites as promising biomarkers for further research into the concept of the ideal protein using rabbit as a model.