پیکره (Feb 2023)
Architectural Decorative Arrays of «Mohtasham» and «Salehi» Houses in Shiraz; Relics from the Zand and Qajar Eras
Abstract
Problem Definition: The media power of the residential architecture of Shiraz is obvious to everyone due to the historical seniority, the character of the rulers, and the people of this land. The two houses namely «Mohtasham» and «Salehi» are authentic representatives for understanding the architecture of the Zand and Qajar periods of Shiraz because of the richness of their decorations. Therefore, the fundamental question of the current research is based on the decorative arrays of these two buildings.Objective: This study aims at recognizing the decorative arrays of Mohtasham and Salehi houses.Research Method: The approach of the current research is qualitative and, regarding the aim, it is fundamental, having a descriptive-analytical nature. The data collection method includes library and field research and documents, such as photography.Results: The results show the motifs are based on ancient, traditional, and western concepts. The European-oriented style is more prominent in Qajar period arrays than that of Zand era, so that traditional concepts are depicted in a new transformation relying on naturalistic and luxurious aspects. In the Zand period, more attention was paid to common mythological and traditional themes, while the themes of Qajar artists' illustrations, especially in the painted tile decorations, are a suitable platform for the simultaneous distribution and promotion of new and ancient cultures. The Qajar artist has taken a step with the immortality of the kings' position in line with the consolidation of the old Iranian traditions. Also, by illustrating emerging objects such as cars, telephones, and photography cameras, it represents and promotes the modern Iranian lifestyle. In religious illustrations, it reflects religious culture and in lyrical plays; it is a storyteller of literary themes. The colored plasters, embellished paintings, the image of birds, flower rings and the presence of joyful and lively colors such as red, yellow, and pink in these periods are influenced by Western art.
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