Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Loaded Galactosylated Liposomes: Anti-Adherence and Cell Wall Damage Effects on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and MRSA
Giuliana Prevete,
Beatrice Simonis,
Marco Mazzonna,
Francesca Mariani,
Enrica Donati,
Simona Sennato,
Francesca Ceccacci,
Cecilia Bombelli
Affiliations
Giuliana Prevete
Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Beatrice Simonis
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Marco Mazzonna
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Francesca Mariani
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Enrica Donati
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
Simona Sennato
Institute for Complex Systems of the Italian National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza c/o Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Francesca Ceccacci
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Cecilia Bombelli
Institute for Biological Systems of Italian National Research Council (ISB-CNR), Secondary Office of Rome-Reaction Mechanisms c/o Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
Antibiotic resistance due to bacterial biofilm formation is a major global health concern that makes the search for new therapeutic approaches an urgent need. In this context,, trans-resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic natural substance, seems to be a good candidate for preventing and eradicating biofilm-associated infections but its mechanism of action is poorly understood. In addition, RSV suffers from low bioavailability and chemical instability in the biological media that make its encapsulation in delivery systems necessary. In this work, the anti-biofilm activity of free RSV was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus and, to highlight the possible mechanism of action, we studied the anti-adherence activity and also the cell wall damage on a MRSA strain. Free RSV activity was compared to that of RSV loaded in liposomes, specifically neutral liposomes (L = DOPC/Cholesterol) and cationic liposomes (LG = DOPC/Chol/GLT1) characterized by a galactosylated amphiphile (GLT1) that promotes the interaction with bacteria. The results indicate that RSV loaded in LG has anti-adherence and anti-biofilm activity higher than free RSV. On the other side, free RSV has a higher bacterial-growth-inhibiting effect than encapsulated RSV and it can damage cell walls by creating pores; however, this effect can not prevent bacteria from growing again. This RSV ability may underlie its bacteriostatic activity.
