Jak mówimy, jakoś mówiąc? Formalne i semantyczne właściwości adwerbialnych uzupełnień quasi-imiesłowowego mówiąc

Abstract

Formal and Semantic Characteristics of Adverbial Complements to Quasi-Adverbial mówiąc ‘Speaking’ The paper presents the construction (jakoś) mówiąc ‘speaking (in some manner)’, against the background of metatextual expressions which serve the sender to comment on the utterance as it is created. The kind of this commentary depends on the filling of the valency slot opened by the quasi- -adverbial, i.e. on the meaning of the adverbial expression represented by the forms of adverbs (e.g. krótko ‘briefly’, inaczej ‘differently’, delikatniej ‘more subtly’, ściślej ‘more precisely’, wprost ‘bluntly’, ogólnie ‘generally’, szczerze ‘honestly’, poważnie ‘gravely’), adverbial expressions (e.g. z grubsza ‘roughly’, w skrócie ‘in short’, w cudzysłowie ‘in quotes’), the po _-u construction (e.g. po polsku ‘in Polish’, po ludzku ‘humanely’, po prostacku ‘in a boorish way’, po ludowemu ‘the folk way’, po sportowemu ‘the sport way’), and quasi-instrumentals (językiem _ ‘in the _ language’, słowami _ ‘with _ words’, żargonem _ ‘in the _ jargon’). The author shows how adverbials struggle to become independent from mówiąc, and presents their semantic classification based on two clearly separated groups: adverbials which project an evaluation of the communication (e.g. szczerze ‘honestly’, skromnie ‘humbly’, serio ‘seriously’, żartobliwie ‘facetiously’), and adverbials which name operations performed on the communication, i.e. modify its content (e.g. krótko ‘briefly’, ogólnie ‘generally’, precyzyjniej ‘more precisely’) or select a system of symbols (e.g. symbolicznie ‘symbolically’, po ludzku ‘humanely’, brutalnie ‘brutally’, fachowo ‘professionally’, po heglowsku ‘in a Hegelian manner’).

Keywords

• gramatykalizacja
• pragmatykalizacja
• metatekst
• parenteza
• adwerbialia